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vol. 2, nr. 1 (2003)
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Non-destructive measurements of apple firmness using friction and impact sensors
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Czesław Puchalski1, Stanisław Sosnowski2, Gerald H. Brusewitz3
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1 Department of Agricultural Mechanization, University of Rzeszów, ul. Ćwiklińskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland |
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2 School of Engineering and Economics, ul. A. Mickiewicza 10, 39-100 Ropczyce, Poland |
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3 Department of Bio-systems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, USA |
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vol. 2 (2003), nr. 1,
pp. 161-171
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abstract:
Firmness is commonly used as an indicator of the state of fruit maturity and its quality. Two apple cultivars, Gloster and Idared, were investigated within 105 storage days. Friction test parameters, impact test parameters, and penetrometer firmness measurements were recorded for ten replications of each cultivar and storage time. Two impact firmness parameters were obtained from each force vs. time impact test; the impact force as the peak force (maximum force) and the end force which presents the last contact point of the pluger with the sample. Completing the friction test, the maximum force and curve slope during the initial loading were derived. Storage time and apple variety had a significant effect on both friction and impact test parameters. The changes in friction parameters with storage varied with the apple variety. Peak and end impact forces decreased with increasing storage time, up to 6.7% and 8.1% respectively. The largest changes, up to 105%, during 105 days of storage were in friction maximum force. Penetrometer firmness was more highly correlated with impact parameters than with friction test parameters.
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keywords:
friction test, impact test, non-destructive measurements, apple firmness
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original in:
English
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